In Spring Boot, you can manage multiple application properties by using property files or environment variables. Here are some common approaches:
1. **Property Files**: Spring Boot allows you to use different property files for different profiles and configurations. By default, Spring Boot looks for a file named `application.properties` or `application.yml` in the classpath. You can create additional property files for different environments or profiles, such as `application-dev.properties`, `application-prod.properties`, etc. Then, you can activate a specific profile by setting the `spring.profiles.active` property in your `application.properties` or by using the `SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE` environment variable.
Example:
```properties
# application-dev.properties
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dev_db
```
```properties
# application-prod.properties
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://production-server:3306/prod_db
```
2. **Environment Variables**: You can also configure properties using environment variables. Spring Boot will automatically map environment variables to properties with the `SPRING_` prefix.
Example:
```
export SPRING_DATASOURCE_URL=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dev_db
```
3. **Programmatic Configuration**: You can also programmatically configure properties using the `SpringApplication.setDefaultProperties` method or by creating a custom `PropertySource` bean.
4. **Command-Line Arguments**: Spring Boot allows you to specify property values via command-line arguments, which override values in property files.
Example:
```
java -jar myapp.jar --spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dev_db
```
5. **Profile-Specific Properties**: You can create profile-specific property files like `application-dev.properties` and activate them with the `spring.profiles.active` property to manage configurations for different environments or profiles.
Remember that the order of precedence for property sources is usually: command-line arguments > environment variables > property files. This means that properties set through command-line arguments take precedence over those in property files or environment variables.
Choose the approach that best suits your project's needs and organization's practices for managing configuration properties in Spring Boot.
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-------------About Apllication properties
In a Spring Boot application, properties files are a common way to configure various aspects of your application. These files typically contain key-value pairs that define properties and their values. Here's an overview of common properties files used in Spring Boot:
1. **application.properties**: This is the default properties file that Spring Boot looks for in the classpath. You can use it to configure a wide range of application properties, such as database connection settings, server port, logging levels, and more. Example:
```properties
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb
server.port=8080
logging.level.root=INFO
```
2. **application.yml**: You can also use YAML format to define your properties. YAML is often preferred for its human-readable syntax. Example:
```yaml
spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb
server:
port: 8080
logging:
level:
root: INFO
```
3. **profile-specific properties files**: You can create properties files specific to different profiles or environments. The naming convention for these files is `application-{profile}.properties` or `application-{profile}.yml`. For example, if you have a "development" profile:
- `application-dev.properties`:
```properties
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/devdb
```
- `application-dev.yml`:
```yaml
spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/devdb
```
You can activate a specific profile using the `spring.profiles.active` property in your main `application.properties` or through environment variables.
4. **External properties files**: You can specify an external properties file using the `spring.config.location` property or by placing the file outside your packaged JAR or WAR. This allows you to separate configuration from your application code.
Example:
```
java -jar myapp.jar --spring.config.location=file:/path/to/custom-config.properties
```
5. **Property placeholders**: Spring Boot supports placeholders in properties files, allowing you to reference values from environment variables or other properties. For example:
```properties
app.api.key=${API_KEY}
```
Here, `${API_KEY}` can be resolved from an environment variable or another property source.
These are some common ways to manage properties files in a Spring Boot application. You can choose the one that best suits your project's needs and follow Spring Boot's convention-over-configuration approach to simplify configuration management.
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